40^th Asian Dental & Oral Health Conclave

Oral and maxillofacial surgery includes the diagnosis, surgery and treatment of defects, injuries and diseases mainly in the hard and soft oral tissues, head, neck, face and maxillofacial region; it is that is, the jaws and the face. The duties of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon may include dental replacements, diagnosis and removal of tumors of the jaw, mouth and face, alignment of the bones of the jaw and face, reconstruction of the jaw, etc. Recent innovations in oral and maxillofacial surgery include trans-oral robotic surgery and titanium miniplates in the field of guided maxillofacial surgery. Pulpotomy: Removal of part of the pulp as well as the infected part in order to maintain the vitality of the remaining pulp tissue. Pulpectomy: complete removal of pulp material from the pulp chamber and root canal. Cosmetic Dental Surgery: Dental work performed primarily with a focus on improving position, color, size, and alignment to improve the overall appearance of the smile.

Pediatric dentists are dedicated to the oral health of children from infancy through the teen years. They have the experience and qualifications to care for a child’s teeth, gums, and mouth throughout the various stages of childhood. Some specialized tasks of pedodontists include: Infant oral health exams Distribution of relaxation medications Special counseling on nutrition Emergency dental care Space management after the premature loss of a primary tooth Discouragement of thumb and finger sucking through appliances and method.

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Cosmetic dentistry generally refers to any dental work intended to improve the appearance (but not necessarily function) of the teeth, gums and bite. It mainly aims to improve dental aesthetics in terms of shape, color, position, alignment, size and general appearance of the smile. The American Dental Association does not allow cosmetic dentistry to be an official specialty area of ​​dentistry. However, there are still unethical dentists who self-identify as cosmetic dentistry.

Prosthodontics is the branch of dentistry that deals with the designing, manufacturing, making and fitting of artificial replacements of missing part of the mouth. It also deals with the treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral parts functioning. There are much recent advancements like use of CAD/CAM on fixed restoration; laser application in prosthetic dentistry and Stafne’s bone cavity and its utilization incomplete denature retention. Restorative Dentistry which is also known as Oral Rehabilitation deals with the general dental needs of the oral cavity, the teeth and supporting structures of a patient suffering with initial or recurring decay; wearing a way of tooth structure, discoloration, erosion, abnormal spacing. The objective of restorative dentistry is to work along with dental and surgical specialists to deal with complex treatments like hypodontia, cleft lip, traumatic injuries, oral cancer, etc. In general, resins, glass ionomer cements and amalgam are used as different restorative materials but recently, nanomaterials are used as a major part of restorative dentistry treatment in material synthesis, biomimetic approaches and in tissue engineering.

3D Imaging is one of the most significant tools for orthodontists to evaluate and record size and form of craniofacial structures. Orthodontists regularly use 2-dimensional (2D) static imaging procedures, but deepness of structures cannot be acquired and restricted with 2D imaging. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has been developed in the early of 1990's and has gained a prized place in dentistry, particularly in orthodontics. In 3D diagnostic imaging, a series of anatomical records is gathered using certain technical equipment, processed by a computer and later presented on a 2D monitor to present the illusion of deepness. Digital dentistry refers to the use of dental technologies or devices to carry out dental procedures rather than using mechanical or electrical tools. The use of digital dentistry can make carrying out dental procedures more efficient than using mechanical tools.

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Nano Dentistry is a new multinational and transcultural development that is getting larger rapidly and prevalently. The Nano dentistry Applications has a potential impact in disease diagnosis, therapy. The term nanotechnology was described by Norio Taniguchi in 1974 as consisting of the processing, consolidation, separation and formation of product by one atom or one molecule.

Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that deals with the scientific study, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the surrounding tissues (Gum, Alveolar mucosa, periodontal ligament, etc.) of teeth. There are various roles played by periodontium like: they resist and optimize the forces generated by speech, mastication and swallowing; adjust the structural changes associated with age and external environment by continuous regeneration and remodeling. Periodontology deals with diseases which can be classified into gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. The common symptoms of gingivitis are redness, edema and bleeding. Chronic periodontitis can cause inflammation and bone loss. These diseases can be treated with periodontal therapy which includes oral hygiene, scaling and root planning and with the usage of antimicrobials.

Oral microbiology is the study of microorganisms, i.e. the microbiota of the dental cavity, and their interactions between the microorganisms in the mouth or with the host. The environment in the human mouth is conducive to the growth of the specific microorganisms found there. It provides a source of water and nutrients, as well as moderate temperatures for growth. The normal microflora of the mouth attaches to the teeth and gums to survive the mechanical push from the mouth to the stomach, where acid-sensitive microorganisms are destroyed by hydrochloric acid (HCL). Anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity include: Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Leptotrichia, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, Selenomonas, Treponema and Veillonella. Fungal genera including Candida, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Glomus, Alternaria, Penicillium and Cryptococcus are commonly found in the mouth. Among other things, bacteria congregate on hard and soft oral tissues in biofilms. Bacterial adhesion is mainly important to the oral cavity.

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Robots, man's most fascinating invention, have made their way into dentistry. Mandatory technologies have been developed and considered to facilitate its adaptation in dentistry. With unparalleled precision and the ability to work without entertainment, robotics is the most successful application of robotics technology. The main motto of this article is to consider the application of robotics in dentistry. Dentistry has seen tremendous improvements and advancements from the old traditional techniques to the digital world that has expanded the field of dental treatments and procedures. The use of robotics in dentistry equipped with all necessary and important technologies can be further developed and easily adapted.

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Dental products can be classified into various subcategories like diagnostics, drugs and pharmaceuticals, equipment and materials, whitening products, etc. Over-the-counter products include toothpaste, electric toothbrushes, manual toothbrushes, and mouthwashes. The quality of the treatment depends on the quality of the product used for the treatment. Marketing is the key to success for any business, and dentistry is no exception. With the rise of information technology, dental patients in general are more aware of the options available to them; this makes marketing a challenge for both manufacturing companies and dentists for their respective products and services.

Oral cancer also known as mouth cancer is the cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat. In the mouth, it first appears as a painless white spot, which thickens and evolves into red patches, an ulcer, and continues to ripen. When on the lips, it usually looks like a persistent crusty ulcer that does not heal and spreads slowly. Other symptoms may include new hard or painful lumps, swallowing or lumps in the neck, swelling in the mouth, or a feeling of numbness in the mouth or lips. Risk factors increase with tobacco and alcohol consumption. With tobacco and alcohol consumption, the risk of oral cancer increases 15 times more. HPV infection, sun exposure to the lower lip, and chewing are also risk factors. The head and neck cancer subgroup is oral cancer. The diagnosis of oral cancer is made by a biopsy of the affected area, followed by investigation by CT scan, MRI, PET scan and examination to determine if it has spread to distant parts of the body.

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Dental trauma is generally a normal issue and can cause auxiliary to falls, brandishing wounds, battles or engine vehicle mishaps. An investigation looked to decide if oral cavity malignancies caused all the more ordinarily at destinations of dental injury. Because of the demolished of both tissue cells and intercellular parts, pulverizing wounds cause more harm. This kind of damaged is cured by uprooting of teeth against nearby alveolar bone which is the most noticeably unpleasant matter of which is meddling luxation.

Holistic dentistry (alternative dentistry/biological dentistry/unique dentistry/bio dentistry/ biocompatible dentistry) is the equivalent of a flattering and alternative medicine to dentistry. Although the holistic dental community is diverse in its practices and approaches, common ground includes a nonsurgical approach to gum disease, which strongly opposes the use of amalgams. In fillings with the belief that root canals can endanger the patient's overall health by spreading trapped oral bacteria in the body.

Dental radiographs are generally called X-rays. Radiographs are used for many reasons: bone loss, to find hidden dental structures, cavities, malignant or/and benign masses. By a controlled burst of X-ray radiation a radiographic image is formed. This ray inserts oral structures at various levels, depending on different anatomical densities, before reaching the film or sensor. Changes in the bone density, dental caries, dental infections and the periodontal ligament, appear darker because X-rays readily penetrate these less dense structures and teeth appear lighter because less radiation penetrates them to reach the film. Dental restorations (fillings, crowns) may appear lighter or darker, depending on the density level of the material.

Geriatric dentistry is the dentistry which provides dental care to older adults including diagnosis, prevention, management and treatment of problems associated with age related diseases. The mouth is the reflexion of overall health, with the fact that oral health is a vital part of general health. In the elderly population poor oral health is a risk factor for general health problems. Older adults are more open to oral conditions or diseases due to an increase in chronic conditions and physical/mental disabilities. So, the elder persons form a different group in terms of provision of care.